FINAL EXAM
Question #1: Describe Wallach’s Law:
ANSWER: The interlinking of C5H8 isoprene units to form terpenes
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Question #2: The majority of early terpene scientists were mostly chemists from which country:
ANSWER: D – Germany
a. Romania
b. United Kingdom
c. Switzerland
d. Germany
e. Russia
Question #3: Draw a line to connect each terpene with the proper category:
ANSWER: A-F, B-H, C-G, D-E
a. Farnesene e. Acyclic monoterpene
b. Beta-caryophyllene f. Acyclic sesquiterpene
c. Pinene g. Bicyclic monoterpene
d. Linalool h. Bicyclic sesquiterpene
Question #4: Which scientist discovered the THC molecule?
ANSWER: A – Raphael Mechoulam
a. Raphael Mechoulam
b. Susan Trapp
c. Wilhelm Triebs
d. Ethan Russo
Question #5: Which researcher is noted for their studies on the interactions and putative synergy between THC and CBD?
ANSWER: D – Ethan Russo
a. Raphael Mechoulam
b. Susan Trapp
c. Wilhelm Triebs
d. Ethan Russo
Question #6: What is the top monoterpene in cannabis?
ANSWER: Pinene
Question #7: What is the top sesquiterpene in cannabis?
ANSWER: Beta-caryophyllene
Question #8: Name at least 3 isomeric designations:
ANSWER: Alpha, beta, gamma, delta, cis, trans, para, ortho, meta, d, l, s, r
Question #9: True terpenes contain only what two components:
ANSWER: Carbons and hydrogens
Question #10: Other than oxygenation, what else can define a terpene as a terpenoid?
ANSWER: Any addition or substitution, such as methyl groups, benzyl groups, etc.
Question #11: Some terpenes can influence the growth cycles of other plants and some insects. Terpenes used by plants for this purpose are called:
ANSWER: A – Allelochemicals
a. Allelochemicals
b. Phytochemicals
c. Phytonutrients
d. Alleyoopicals
e. Oilvetols
f. Geranyls
Question #12: Pinene and myrcene are found in high concentrations in which trees?
ANSWER: B – Coniferous trees
a. Deciduous trees
b. Coniferous trees
c. Ficus trees
d. Synthetic trees
e. Sigillaria trees
Question #13: How many rings does gurjunene contain?
ANSWER: B – 3
a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 5
Question #14: This cannabinoid is both an endocannabinoid and a phytocannabinoid:
ANSWER: C – Anandamide
a. Delta-11-tetrahydrocannabinol
b. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol
c. Anandamide
d. Beta-caryophyllene
e. Fenchol alcohol
Question #15: The addition of an oxygen atom changes the ending of “terpene” to what designation?
ANSWER: “oid,” Terpenoid
Question #16: Explain the “A” designation of THCA, CBDA, CBCA, CBGA:
ANSWER: The “A” denotes the acid version of the compound before decarboxylation
Question #17: Define this acronym: CB1
ANSWER: Cannabinoid Receptor type 1
Question #18: Name the Top 10 terpenes in cannabis:
ANSWER: Pinene, Beta-Caryophyllene, Myrcene, Limonene, Humulene, Linalool, Bisabolol, Nerolidol, Ocimene, Terpinolene
Question #19: Name 5 “Top 40” terpenes/enoids in cannabis:
ANSWER: Cubebene, cadinene, capaene, gurjunene, selinene, epizonarene, eudesmol, hashishene
Question #20: To retain the most monoterpenes possible, when is the best time to harvest cannabis?
ANSWER: Early morning, before the sun comes up and / or temperatures rise
Question #21: Which of the following is a Top 10 terpene in cannabis:
ANSWER: B – Terpinolene
a. Terpineol
b. Terpinolene
c. Terpinene
d. Turpentine
Question #22: Which Top 10 terpene is named after the hops plant?
ANSWER: D – Humulene
a. Valencene
b. Terpinolene
c. Myrcene
d. Humulene
e. Humulus
Question #23: Which terpene is the primary constituent responsible for the smell of roses?
ANSWER: D – Geraniol
a. Geranyl acetate
b. Guaiol
c. Bergamotene
d. Geraniol
Question #24: Which bicyclic sesquiterpene is responsible for the spicy characteristics of black pepper?
ANSWER: A – Beta-caryophyllene
a. Beta-caryophyllene
b. Caryophyllene oxide
c. 4-ol-caryophyllene
d. 2,-8-caryophyllene
Question #25: What is the primary factor determining the terpene, flavonoid, and cannabinoid profile of a cannabis chemovar?
ANSWER: B – Genetics
a. Number of rings
b. Genetics
c. Oxygenated state
d. Indica / sativa
Question #26: Phytol is a byproduct of what plant compound?
ANSWER: B – Chlorophyll
a. Plant cortisone
b. Chlorophyll
c. Phytosterol
d. Phytol
Question #27: Name 3 experimental methods of manipulating the terpene profile of a cannabis strain / chemovar:
ANSWER: Genetics, harvest timing, disease stress, insect stress, co-planting for allelochemical stress, mechanical wounding, chemical treatment
Question #28: D-limonene and L-limonene, as well as D8-THC and D9-THC are examples of:
ANSWER: D – Isomers
a. Stereometrics
b. Functional groups
c. Geranyl substitutions
d. Isomers
Question #29: Myrcene is a well-known:
ANSWER: A – Sedative
a. Sedative
b. Diuretic
c. Antispasmodic
d. Analgesic
Question #30: Commercially-produced limonene is sourced primarily from:
ANSWER: B – Oranges
a. Lemons
b. Oranges
c. Limes
d. Grapefruit
Question #31: Which scientists first proposed the “Entourage Effect?”
ANSWER: C – Ben-Shabat and Mechoulam, et. al.
a. Russo and McPartland, et. al.
b. Pickens and Fairbanks
c. Ben-Shabat and Maechoulam, et. al.
d. Cogan and Duggan, et. al.
Question #32: Most research into the entourage effect or synergy has focused on which two compounds?
ANSWER: D – CBD and THC
a. THC and CBG
b. CBGA and THC
c. THC and CBC
d. CBC and THC
Question #33: Which compound is the precursor to most of the cannabinoids?
ANSWER: B – CBGA
a. CBCA
b. CBGA
c. CBDA
d. THCV
Question #34: Name one of Russo’s 3 papers that are heavily cited as evidence of synergy:
ANSWER: A Tale of two Cannabinoids, Taming THC, The Case for the Entourage Effect
Question #35: The Entourage Effect takes place in:
ANSWER: D – Endocannabinoid System
a. Geranyl phosphate pathway
b. Limbic system
c. Mevalonate pathway
d. Endocannabinoid system